Relevant Publications on Wild Ginseng

McGraw Lab

Hackney, E. and J. B. McGraw. 2001. Experimental demonstration of an Allee effect in American ginseng. Conservation Biology 15(1): 129 - 136.

McGraw, J. B. 2001. Evidence for decline in stature of American ginseng plants from herbarium specimens. Biological Conservation 98: 25 - 32.

Van der Voort, M. E., B. Bailey, D. E. Samuel, and J. B. McGraw. 2003. Recovery of populations of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) following harvest. American Midland Naturalist 149:282-292.

McGraw, J. B., S. M. Sanders, and M. E. Van der Voort. 2003. Distribution and Abundance of Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) and Panax quinquefolius L. (Araliaceae) in the Central Appalachian Region. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Club 130(2): 62-69.

Furedi, M. A. and J. B. McGraw. 2004. White-tailed deer: Dispersers or predators of American ginseng seeds? American Midland Naturalist 152:268-276.

McGraw, J. B. and M. A. Furedi. 2005. Deer browsing and population viability of a forest understory plant. Science 307: 920-922.

McGraw, J. B., M. A. Furedi, K. Maiers, C. Carroll, G. Kauffman, A. Lubbers, J. Wolf, R. Anderson, R. Anderson, B. Wilcox, D. Drees, M. E. Van der Voort, M. Albrecht, A. Nault, H. MacCulloch, and A. Gibbs. 2005. Berry ripening and harvest season in wild American ginseng. Northeastern Naturalist 12(2): 141-152.

Van der Voort, M. E. and J. B. McGraw. 2006. Effects of harvester behavior on population growth rate affects sustainability of ginseng trade. Biological Conservation 130: 505-516.

Mooney, E. H. and J. B. McGraw. 2007. Alteration of selection regime resulting from harvest of American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius. Conservation Genetics 8: 57-67.

Mooney, E. H. and J. B. McGraw. 2007. Effects of self-pollination and outcrossing with cultivated plants in small natural populations of American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius (Araliaceae). American Journal of Botany 94:1677-1687.

Wixted, K. and J. B. McGraw. 2008. A Panax-centric view of invasive species. Biological Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-008-9301-7.

Mooney, E. H. and J. B. McGraw. In press. Harvest pressure leads to life history changes in American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L. (Araliaceae). Ecoscience.

Other Panax-centric Publications

Lewis, Walter H. and Vincent E. Zenger. 1982. Population Dynamics of the American Ginseng Panax quinquefolium (Araliaceae). American Journal of Botany 69(9): 1483-1490.

Carpenter, S. G. and G. Cottam. 1982. Growth and reproduction of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in Wisconsin, USA. Canadian Journal of Botany 60: 2692-2696.

Lewis, Walter H., and Vincent E. Zenger. 1983. Breeding systems and fecundity in the American ginseng, Panax quinquefolium (Araliaceae). American Journal of Botany 70(3): 466-468.

Schlessman, Mark A. 1985. Floral biology of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 112(2): 129-133.

Charron, Danielle and Daniel Gagnon. 1991. The demographic of northern populations of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng). Journal of Ecology 79: 431-445.

Anderson, Roger C., Fralish, James S., Armstrong, Joseph E., and Pamela K. Benjamin. 1993. The ecology and biology of Panax quinquefolium L. (Araliaceae) in Illinois. American Midland Naturalist 129(2): 357-372.

Nantel, Patrick, Gagnon, Daniel, and Andree Nault. 1996. Population viability analysis of American ginseng and wild leek harvested in stochastic environments. Conservation Biology 10(2): 608-621.

McGonigle, T. P., Hovius, J. P., and R. L. Peterson. 1999. Arbuscular mycorrhizae of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in cultivated field plot: plant age affects the development of a colonization lag phase. Canadian Journal of Botany 77(7): 1028-1034.

Robbins, Christopher S. 2000. Comparative analysis of management regimes and medicinal plant trade monitoring mechanisms for American ginseng and goldenseal. Conservation Biology (15)4: 1422-1434.

Cruse-Sanders, Jennifer M., Hamrick, J. L., and Jorge A. Ahumada. 2003. Consequences of harvesting for genetic diversity in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.): a simulation study. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 493-504.

Proctor, J. T. A., Dorais, M., Bleiholder, H., Willis, A., Hack, H., and V. Meier. 2003. Phenological growth stages of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Ann. Appl. Biol. 143: 311-317.

Cruse-Sanders, Jennifer M. and J. L. Hamrick. 2004. Genetic diversity in harvested and protected populations of wild American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L. (Araliaceae). American Journal of Botany 91(4): 540-548.

Cruse-Sanders, J. M. and J. L. Hamrick. 2004. Spatial and genetic structure within populations of wild American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L., Araliaceae). Journal of Heredity 95(4): 309.

Grubbs, Holly J. and Martha A. Case. 2004. Allozyme variation in American ginseng (Panax quinuefolius L.): Variation, breeding system, and implications for current conservation practice. Conservation Genetics 5: 13-23.

Jochum, Gera M., Mudge, Kenneth W., and Richard B. Thomas. 2007. Elevated temperatures increase leaf senescence and root secondary metabolite concentrations in the understory herb Panax quinquefolius (Araliaceae). Journal of Botany 94(5): 2007.